The CO₂ fractional laser machine is a medical-grade laser device commonly used in dermatology and aesthetic procedures, such as skin resurfacing, scar treatment, and wrinkle reduction. Its working principle is based on the fractional photothermolysis of tissue using carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser technology.
Working Principle of CO₂ Fractional Laser
1. Laser Source: CO₂ Laser
The machine uses a carbon dioxide laser that emits infrared light at a wavelength of 10,600 nm.
This wavelength is strongly absorbed by water, which is a major component of skin tissue.
2. Fractional Technology
Unlike traditional CO₂ lasers that ablate the entire skin surface, fractional lasers deliver laser energy in a grid or pixelated pattern.
This creates microscopic columns of thermal damage (called Microthermal Treatment Zones, or MTZs).
Surrounding tissue remains intact, which promotes faster healing and less downtime.
3. Ablation and Thermal Coagulation
The laser vaporizes (ablates) microscopic portions of the epidermis and dermis.
Simultaneously, it creates thermal zones that stimulate collagen remodeling and skin tightening.
The depth and density of the laser penetration can be controlled based on the treatment settings.
4. Healing and Collagen Regeneration
As the skin heals, new collagen is formed, improving:
Skin texture
Tone
Elasticity
Appearance of scars and wrinkles
